| Jul 31, 2020 | Jul 31, 2021 | Jul 31, 2022 | Jul 31, 2023 | Jul 31, 2024 |
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Profit (loss) before income taxes | 49 | 462 | 772 | 1,106 | 1,433 |
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Depreciation | 7 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 53 |
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Increase (decrease) in allowance for doubtful accounts | 0 | 14 | -15 | -0 | -0 |
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Increase (decrease) in provision for bonuses | -28 | 34 | 13 | -47 | -65 |
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Interest and dividend income | - | - | -0 | -4 | -0 |
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Loss (gain) on investments in investment partnerships | 2 | -2 | 1 | -1 | -8 |
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Interest expenses | 4 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 22 |
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Listing expenses | - | - | 25 | - | - |
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Loss (gain) on sale of shares of subsidiaries and associates | - | -57 | - | 2 | - |
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Loss (gain) on sale of non-current assets | - | - | 0 | - | - |
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Decrease (increase) in trade receivables | -102 | -366 | -490 | -417 | -396 |
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Decrease (increase) in inventories | -0 | -13 | 13 | -0 | 27 |
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Decrease (increase) in advance payments to suppliers | -0 | -9 | -5 | -38 | - |
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Decrease (increase) in prepaid expenses | -12 | -7 | -12 | -57 | -79 |
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Increase (decrease) in accounts payable-trade-OpeCF | 118 | 273 | 378 | 151 | - |
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Increase (decrease) in accounts payable - other | 50 | 63 | 46 | 33 | 60 |
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Increase (decrease) in accrued expenses | 30 | 19 | 37 | -123 | 174 |
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Increase (decrease) in advances received | 1 | 4 | 2 | 1 | - |
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Increase (decrease) in deposits received | 11 | 23 | 29 | -19 | - |
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Other, net | -2 | 61 | 82 | 12 | 146 |
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Subtotal | 133 | 530 | 891 | 614 | 1,749 |
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Interest and dividends received | 3 | 1 | 2 | 4 | 0 |
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Interest paid | -4 | -4 | -3 | -3 | -22 |
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Income taxes paid | -83 | -3 | -222 | -319 | -499 |
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Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities | 59 | 551 | 668 | 297 | 1,228 |
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Purchase of property, plant and equipment | -88 | -8 | -8 | -4 | -200 |
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Purchase of investment securities | -15 | -100 | - | -114 | -399 |
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Proceeds from sale and redemption of investment securities | - | 1 | - | 5 | - |
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Purchase of shares of subsidiaries and associates | - | - | -2 | - | - |
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Proceeds from sale of shares of subsidiaries and associates | - | 85 | - | 2 | - |
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Payments of leasehold and guarantee deposits | -101 | -1 | -1 | -6 | -264 |
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Proceeds from refund of leasehold and guarantee deposits | 7 | 15 | - | 2 | 57 |
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Other, net | - | -0 | 0 | -1 | -0 |
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Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities | -189 | -8 | -11 | -116 | -807 |
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Net increase (decrease) in short-term borrowings | 270 | -235 | 100 | -15 | 300 |
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Repayments of long-term borrowings | -191 | -110 | -159 | -147 | -359 |
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Proceeds from issuance of shares | - | - | 1,932 | - | - |
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Proceeds from exercise of employee share options | - | - | - | 9 | 11 |
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Purchase of treasury shares | - | - | - | -0 | -0 |
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Payments of listing expenses | - | - | -25 | - | - |
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Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities | 479 | -45 | 1,848 | -153 | 1,261 |
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Effect of exchange rate change on cash and cash equivalents | -0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | - |
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Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents | 348 | 499 | 2,505 | 29 | 1,683 |
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