| Dec 31, 2018 | Dec 31, 2019 | Dec 31, 2020 | Dec 31, 2021 | Dec 31, 2022 | Dec 31, 2023 |
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Profit (loss) before income taxes | 426 | 1,358 | 1,569 | 1,457 | 1,197 | 1,076 |
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Depreciation | 266 | 230 | 245 | 248 | 240 | 259 |
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Amortization of goodwill | - | 21 | 30 | 30 | 23 | 23 |
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Impairment losses | 268 | - | - | 153 | 159 | 225 |
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Subsidy income | -13 | -24 | -203 | -138 | -43 | -7 |
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Surrender value of insurance policies | - | - | - | - | - | -138 |
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Interest expenses | 22 | 30 | 27 | 18 | 11 | 11 |
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Increase (decrease) in provision for bonuses | - | -73 | 4 | -10 | -44 | 77 |
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Increase (decrease) in allowance for doubtful accounts | 2 | 2 | 9 | 12 | 8 | 19 |
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Decrease (increase) in trade receivables | -325 | -113 | -232 | -14 | -368 | -587 |
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Increase (decrease) in accounts payable - other | 137 | 67 | 90 | 52 | -1 | 155 |
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Increase (decrease) in advances received | -163 | 47 | 37 | 1 | -24 | - |
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Other, net | 322 | -159 | 9 | 14 | -168 | -12 |
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Subtotal | 669 | 1,449 | 1,469 | 1,879 | 989 | 1,102 |
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Interest paid | -22 | -30 | -27 | -18 | -11 | -11 |
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Subsidies received | 13 | 24 | 203 | 138 | 35 | 15 |
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Income taxes refund | - | 70 | 16 | - | 46 | 93 |
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Income taxes paid | -320 | -161 | -562 | -669 | -709 | -428 |
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Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities | 19 | 1,295 | 1,082 | 1,276 | 304 | 771 |
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Proceeds from subsidy income | 777 | 329 | 775 | 320 | 688 | 957 |
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Purchase of property, plant and equipment | -1,041 | -693 | -795 | -758 | -1,641 | -1,596 |
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Purchase of intangible assets | -17 | -135 | -136 | -65 | -125 | -44 |
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Payments of leasehold and guarantee deposits | -62 | -78 | -118 | -151 | -74 | -266 |
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Proceeds from repayment of lease and guarantee deposits | 6 | 23 | 10 | 11 | 8 | 12 |
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Proceeds from cancellation of insurance funds | - | - | - | - | - | 135 |
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Other, net | -6 | -19 | -10 | -47 | -64 | -26 |
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Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities | -399 | -716 | -274 | -690 | -1,208 | -827 |
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Net increase (decrease) in short-term borrowings | 339 | -55 | 266 | -850 | - | 600 |
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Proceeds from long-term borrowings | 2,155 | 1,500 | 1,100 | - | - | 1,300 |
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Repayments of long-term borrowings | -870 | -1,169 | -1,867 | -1,160 | -809 | -694 |
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Repayments of lease liabilities | -6 | -6 | -8 | -9 | -6 | -5 |
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Dividends paid | -174 | -204 | -246 | -338 | -387 | -387 |
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Other, net | - | - | - | - | - | - |
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Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities | 1,377 | 68 | 3,256 | -2,358 | -1,204 | 815 |
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Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents | 997 | 647 | 4,064 | -1,772 | -2,109 | 759 |
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