| Sep 30, 2019 | Sep 30, 2020 | Sep 30, 2021 | Sep 30, 2022 | Sep 30, 2023 |
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Profit (loss) before income taxes | 214 | 631 | 1,185 | 1,589 | -1,001 |
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Depreciation | 37 | 41 | 63 | 69 | 109 |
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Increase (decrease) in allowance for doubtful accounts | 8 | 56 | 57 | 38 | 30 |
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Increase (decrease) in provision for bonuses | 8 | 16 | 32 | 9 | 47 |
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Interest income | -0 | -0 | -12 | -0 | -0 |
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Interest expenses | 6 | 8 | 7 | 5 | 8 |
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Foreign exchange losses (gains) | 3 | 17 | -13 | -0 | 1 |
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Losses related to trust-type stock options | - | - | - | - | 1,848 |
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Loss (gain) on valuation of investment securities | - | - | - | - | 19 |
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Loss (gain) on investments in investment partnerships | 2 | 2 | -16 | -3 | 2 |
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Loss (gain) on investments in silent partnerships | 3 | 1 | -6 | -2 | -0 |
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Decrease (increase) in trade receivables | -92 | -384 | -422 | -326 | -510 |
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Increase (decrease) in trade payables | -108 | 132 | 53 | -82 | -33 |
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Increase (decrease) in accounts payable - other | -162 | 122 | 103 | 123 | 353 |
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Decrease (increase) in other assets | 12 | 38 | 41 | 4 | -23 |
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Increase (decrease) in other liabilities | -62 | 38 | 48 | -70 | 375 |
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Increase (decrease) in accrued consumption taxes | -72 | 153 | -46 | 16 | -25 |
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Other, net | -2 | -8 | -20 | -18 | -17 |
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Subtotal | -220 | 953 | 1,024 | 1,351 | 1,183 |
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Interest and dividends received | 0 | 0 | 12 | 0 | 0 |
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Interest paid | -6 | -8 | -6 | -5 | -8 |
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Losses related to trust-type stock options paid | - | - | - | - | -60 |
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Income taxes paid | -6 | -307 | -360 | -303 | -638 |
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Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities | -192 | 638 | 669 | 1,043 | 478 |
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Purchase of investment securities | - | - | - | -50 | -6 |
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Purchase of property, plant and equipment | -16 | -7 | -69 | -13 | -257 |
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Purchase of intangible assets | -53 | -90 | -48 | -44 | -32 |
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Proceeds from distributions from investment partnerships | 1 | - | 19 | 7 | - |
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Payments of leasehold and guarantee deposits | -55 | -227 | -4 | - | -423 |
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Proceeds from refund of leasehold and guarantee deposits | 5 | 0 | 0 | - | 105 |
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Proceeds from divestments | - | - | - | - | 50 |
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Loan advances | -1 | -2 | -3 | -1 | -3 |
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Proceeds from collection of loans receivable | 1 | 2 | 9 | 1 | 3 |
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Payments for asset retirement obligations | - | - | - | - | -2 |
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Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities | -152 | -324 | -70 | -100 | -565 |
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Proceeds from long-term borrowings | 550 | 650 | - | 500 | 1,800 |
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Repayments of long-term borrowings | -508 | -493 | -505 | -541 | -812 |
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Proceeds from issuance of shares | 12 | 2,654 | 15 | 10 | 18 |
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Purchase of treasury shares | - | - | -0 | -0 | -0 |
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Proceeds from stock issuance to a third party | - | - | - | - | 50 |
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Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities | 54 | 3,090 | -790 | -31 | 1,056 |
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Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents | -290 | 3,403 | -190 | 912 | 969 |
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