| Mar 31, 2019 | Mar 31, 2020 | Mar 31, 2021 | Mar 31, 2022 | Mar 31, 2023 | Mar 31, 2024 |
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Profit (loss) before income taxes | 1,606 | 2,079 | 3,195 | 3,353 | 1,653 | 3,913 |
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Depreciation | 1,671 | 1,755 | 1,751 | 1,910 | 1,930 | 1,929 |
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Impairment losses | 397 | 191 | 76 | 56 | 72 | 350 |
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Increase (decrease) in allowance for doubtful accounts | -11 | 2 | -7 | -1 | -2 | 5 |
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Increase (decrease) in provision for bonuses | -73 | -16 | 62 | -50 | -3 | 123 |
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Decrease (increase) in retirement benefit asset and liability | -2,243 | -2,353 | -1,549 | -1,885 | -1,609 | -1,204 |
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Interest and dividend income | -32 | -37 | -37 | -36 | -42 | -45 |
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Interest expenses | 590 | 609 | 565 | 537 | 561 | 534 |
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Share of loss (profit) of entities accounted for using equity method | -50 | -52 | -47 | -72 | -79 | -120 |
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Loss (gain) on sale of investment securities | -9 | -7 | 3 | -21 | -1 | - |
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Loss (gain) on valuation of investment securities | - | 38 | - | 0 | 22 | - |
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Loss (gain) on sale and retirement of non-current assets | 23 | 6 | 20 | 9 | 15 | 141 |
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Decrease (increase) in trade receivables | -233 | 1,199 | 994 | -847 | 250 | -1,652 |
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Decrease (increase) in inventories | -797 | -353 | 953 | -2,376 | -996 | 950 |
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Increase (decrease) in trade payables | -12 | -1,654 | -234 | 691 | -356 | 1,378 |
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Other, net | -410 | -392 | 956 | -230 | 646 | 270 |
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Subtotal | 415 | 1,016 | 6,700 | 1,038 | 2,061 | 6,573 |
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Interest and dividends received | 39 | 46 | 56 | 53 | 83 | 93 |
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Interest paid | -607 | -615 | -560 | -537 | -556 | -521 |
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Income taxes paid | -490 | -323 | -407 | -399 | -667 | -596 |
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Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities | -642 | 125 | 5,789 | 155 | 921 | 5,548 |
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Purchase of property, plant and equipment | -745 | -827 | -734 | -878 | -1,379 | -1,016 |
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Proceeds from sale of property, plant and equipment | 32 | 62 | 1,447 | 1 | - | 2 |
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Purchase of intangible assets | -229 | -208 | -285 | -46 | -31 | -10 |
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Purchase of investment securities | -67 | -19 | -15 | -12 | -12 | -12 |
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Proceeds from sale of investment securities | 32 | 14 | 25 | 65 | 2 | - |
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Proceeds from refund of guarantee deposits | - | - | 112 | 7 | 7 | 10 |
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Other, net | -18 | -53 | -19 | -9 | -9 | 154 |
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Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities | -994 | -1,032 | 532 | -872 | -1,423 | -872 |
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Net increase (decrease) in short-term borrowings | 266 | 142 | -2,198 | 1,137 | 461 | -1,130 |
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Proceeds from long-term borrowings | 6,335 | 5,400 | 5,361 | 4,670 | 7,500 | 4,500 |
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Repayments of long-term borrowings | -5,455 | -5,165 | -6,592 | -5,115 | -8,322 | -5,775 |
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Proceeds from issuance of bonds | 500 | 1,000 | 500 | 1,100 | 1,600 | 2,000 |
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Redemption of bonds | -1,180 | -1,030 | -950 | -900 | -796 | -878 |
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Purchase of treasury shares | - | - | - | -0 | - | -0 |
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Dividends paid | -134 | -96 | -96 | -230 | -342 | -365 |
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Dividends paid to non-controlling interests | -40 | -25 | -13 | -16 | -32 | -31 |
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Repayments of lease liabilities | -624 | -663 | -650 | -779 | -768 | -835 |
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Other, net | -45 | -37 | - | -33 | -56 | -75 |
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Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities | -378 | -474 | -4,637 | 4,045 | -756 | -2,590 |
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Effect of exchange rate change on cash and cash equivalents | -4 | -41 | 21 | 40 | 19 | 46 |
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Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents | -2,019 | -1,422 | 1,704 | 3,369 | -1,239 | 2,132 |
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