| Dec 31, 2018 | Dec 31, 2019 | Dec 31, 2020 | Dec 31, 2021 | Dec 31, 2022 | Dec 31, 2023 |
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Profit (loss) before tax | 111,813 | 112,186 | 94,168 | 117,052 | 139,291 | 141,781 |
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Depreciation and amortization | 63,319 | 71,035 | 70,652 | 69,376 | 70,791 | 73,079 |
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Impairment losses (reversal of impairment losses) | 4,177 | 2,008 | 1,962 | 1,647 | 2,675 | 553 |
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Interest and dividend income | -893 | -1,422 | -833 | -450 | -1,475 | -4,225 |
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Interest expenses | 2,365 | 2,824 | 2,137 | 1,926 | 1,949 | 2,936 |
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Share of loss (profit) of investments accounted for using equity method | -137 | -5 | 85 | -70 | -411 | 27 |
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Loss (gain) on sales of shares of subsidiaries | - | - | - | - | -16,020 | -43 |
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Decrease (increase) in inventories | -4,855 | 439 | 5,058 | -5,503 | -19,213 | -4,683 |
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Decrease (increase) in trade and other receivables | -4,946 | -7,019 | -5,556 | -36,634 | -23,615 | -29,328 |
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Increase (decrease) in trade and other payables | 7,933 | 8,943 | -1,337 | 32,109 | 23,472 | 26,729 |
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Other | 7,211 | 11,820 | -3,072 | 10,099 | 3,676 | -13,994 |
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Subtotal | 173,949 | 200,811 | 163,265 | 189,553 | 181,122 | 192,833 |
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Interest and dividends received | 850 | 1,345 | 955 | 439 | 1,355 | 4,000 |
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Interest paid | -2,405 | -2,776 | -1,968 | -2,925 | -2,026 | -2,058 |
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Income taxes refund (paid) | -26,040 | -28,783 | -28,232 | -28,887 | -29,941 | -36,482 |
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Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities | 146,354 | 170,596 | 134,019 | 158,180 | 150,509 | 158,292 |
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Purchase of property, plant and equipment, and intangible assets | -56,929 | -58,815 | -62,485 | -56,122 | -60,228 | -79,236 |
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Proceeds from sale of property, plant and equipment, and intangible assets | 715 | 332 | 352 | 1,191 | 477 | 173 |
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Proceeds from sale of businesses | - | - | - | - | - | 627 |
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Proceeds from sale of subsidiaries | 24,216 | - | - | - | 18,400 | - |
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Other | 173 | 1 | 915 | 286 | -1,044 | 636 |
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Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities | -58,543 | -59,382 | -61,217 | -56,867 | -42,395 | -77,798 |
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Net increase (decrease) in short-term borrowings | 4,073 | -9,458 | 30,197 | -29,622 | -323 | -4,799 |
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Proceeds from long-term borrowings | 9,500 | - | 30,000 | 11,189 | 6,618 | - |
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Repayments of long-term borrowings | -63,027 | -27,979 | -57,194 | -27,820 | -43,832 | -30,000 |
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Redemption of bonds | - | -25,000 | - | -15,000 | - | -15,000 |
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Repayments of lease liabilities | - | -14,842 | -13,983 | -16,484 | -13,524 | -15,475 |
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Dividends paid | -23,793 | -24,101 | -24,101 | -24,101 | -24,101 | -25,028 |
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Dividends paid to non-controlling interests | -6,516 | -13,639 | -11,655 | -14,197 | -17,042 | -25,100 |
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Other | 54 | -134 | -16 | - | - | - |
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Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities | -56,868 | -115,156 | -46,754 | -96,109 | -92,207 | -115,404 |
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Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents | 30,941 | -3,942 | 26,047 | 5,203 | 15,907 | -34,910 |
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Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents | -1,728 | 971 | -2,131 | 3,971 | 8,067 | 7,337 |
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Cash and cash equivalents included in assets held for sales | - | - | - | - | - | -1,301 |
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