| Dec 31, 2019 | Dec 31, 2020 | Dec 31, 2021 | Dec 31, 2022 | Dec 31, 2023 |
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Profit (loss) before income taxes | 1,094 | 2,355 | 4,351 | 4,442 | 2,869 |
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Depreciation | 537 | 509 | 583 | 692 | 780 |
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Impairment losses | 264 | - | - | - | 243 |
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Factory move cost | - | - | - | - | 26 |
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Loss (gain) on sale and retirement of non-current assets | 2 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 39 |
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Increase (decrease) in retirement benefit liability | 15 | 17 | -4 | -8 | 18 |
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Increase (decrease) in provision for bonuses | 1 | 1 | 6 | 1 | 4 |
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Increase (decrease) in provision for bonuses for directors (and other officers) | 4 | 10 | 6 | -3 | -2 |
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Interest and dividend income | -17 | -29 | -9 | -13 | -102 |
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Interest expenses | 97 | 77 | 67 | 68 | 92 |
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Foreign exchange losses (gains) | 16 | 7 | -89 | -11 | -28 |
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Litigation expenses | - | - | - | - | 50 |
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Decrease (increase) in trade receivables | -258 | -209 | -1,069 | 199 | 695 |
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Decrease (increase) in inventories | -89 | -147 | -245 | -349 | 360 |
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Increase (decrease) in trade payables | 9 | 36 | 263 | -266 | -234 |
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Increase (decrease) in accounts payable - other | -17 | 26 | 27 | -49 | -52 |
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Other, net | 80 | 83 | 66 | -123 | 87 |
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Subtotal | 1,886 | 2,763 | 3,979 | 4,577 | 4,847 |
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Interest and dividends received | 17 | 27 | 7 | 11 | 101 |
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Interest paid | -96 | -77 | -67 | -66 | -93 |
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Litigation-related expenses paid-OpeCF | - | - | - | - | -50 |
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Income taxes paid | -165 | -696 | -886 | -1,766 | -1,227 |
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Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities | 1,641 | 2,017 | 3,033 | 2,755 | 3,577 |
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Payments into time deposits | - | - | - | -1,000 | -440 |
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Proceeds from withdrawal of time deposits | - | - | - | - | 1,036 |
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Purchase of property, plant and equipment | -779 | -488 | -583 | -866 | -1,398 |
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Purchase of intangible assets | -6 | -14 | -1 | -3 | -209 |
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Purchase of investment securities | -29 | -45 | -4 | -104 | -55 |
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Proceeds from sale of investment securities | 21 | 7 | 185 | 19 | 2 |
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Other, net | -13 | 15 | -3 | 7 | 31 |
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Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities | -806 | -524 | -406 | -1,949 | -1,033 |
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Net increase (decrease) in short-term borrowings | -112 | -113 | -102 | -1,210 | -260 |
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Repayments of long-term borrowings | -1,124 | -1,075 | -982 | -800 | -676 |
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Redemption of bonds | -24 | -14 | -14 | -9 | - |
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Repayments of lease liabilities | -88 | -121 | -154 | -142 | -144 |
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Proceeds from disposal of treasury shares | - | - | 5,920 | 62 | - |
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Purchase of treasury shares | - | - | - | - | - |
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Dividends paid | -14 | -30 | -58 | -485 | -494 |
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Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities | 75 | -1,049 | 4,564 | -2,585 | -1,577 |
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Effect of exchange rate change on cash and cash equivalents | -31 | -26 | 260 | 192 | 109 |
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Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents | 880 | 418 | 7,450 | -1,588 | 1,076 |
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