| Dec 31, 2018 | Dec 31, 2019 | Dec 31, 2020 | Dec 31, 2021 | Dec 31, 2022 | Dec 31, 2023 |
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Profit (loss) before tax | 128,404 | 76,213 | 57,121 | 210,045 | 58,512 | 122,775 |
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Depreciation and amortization | 121,668 | 143,361 | 143,716 | 166,756 | 185,656 | 175,346 |
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Impairment losses (reversal of impairment losses) | 743 | 24,454 | 1,213 | 34,450 | 128,447 | 605 |
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Interest and dividend income | -11,550 | -13,578 | -5,702 | -5,826 | -8,067 | -13,728 |
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Interest expenses | 9,351 | 12,281 | 7,620 | 6,424 | 9,040 | 17,842 |
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Share of loss (profit) of investments accounted for using equity method | -1,463 | -1,088 | -584 | -2,292 | -1,236 | -1,981 |
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Loss (gain) on sale and retirement of fixed assets | 1,183 | 2,463 | 9,378 | 4,324 | -6,151 | 4,153 |
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Decrease (increase) in trade receivables | -4,972 | -2,979 | -3,328 | -18,280 | -4,180 | -8,708 |
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Decrease (increase) in inventories | -24,731 | -9,079 | 11,691 | -48,647 | -84,114 | -88 |
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Increase (decrease) in trade payables | 2,752 | -4,518 | -605 | 36,226 | 2,859 | -19,154 |
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Other | 627 | -7,086 | 24,574 | -21,646 | 16,032 | 9,594 |
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Subtotal | 222,012 | 220,444 | 245,095 | 361,533 | 296,798 | 286,656 |
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Interest and dividends received | 12,218 | 13,753 | 6,244 | 6,663 | 11,401 | 14,192 |
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Interest paid | -9,073 | -13,073 | -7,786 | -6,569 | -8,540 | -17,726 |
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Income taxes refund (paid) | -35,870 | -29,217 | -18,160 | -34,913 | -82,512 | -70,575 |
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Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities | 189,287 | 191,906 | 225,392 | 326,713 | 217,146 | 212,546 |
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Purchase of property, plant and equipment, and intangible assets | -211,370 | -197,928 | -191,469 | -210,572 | -223,921 | -213,531 |
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Proceeds from sale of property, plant and equipment | 17,843 | 7,350 | 4,404 | 4,776 | 17,722 | 3,265 |
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Purchase of other financial assets | -7,316 | -3,790 | -33,106 | -42,107 | -20,520 | -2,264 |
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Proceeds from sale of other financial assets | 26,394 | 51,302 | 20,911 | 73,040 | 68,646 | 35,026 |
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Proceeds from sale of shares of subsidiaries and associates or other businesses | - | - | - | 49,599 | 15,548 | 1,786 |
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Other | -4,405 | 523 | -3,969 | 1,476 | -2,787 | -4,073 |
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Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities | -194,450 | -182,636 | -230,248 | -123,787 | -145,312 | -179,790 |
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Changes in short-term interest-bearing debt | -3,524 | 12,653 | 28,896 | -73,868 | 29,004 | 47,307 |
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Proceeds from borrowing or issuing long-term interest-bearing debt | 138,156 | 80,313 | 228,064 | 63,673 | 95,576 | 99,636 |
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Repayment or redemption of long-term interest-bearing debt | -81,059 | -81,636 | -99,167 | -205,619 | -122,910 | -137,645 |
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Payments for acquisition of interests in subsidiaries from non-controlling interests | - | - | -2,001 | -1,271 | -26,368 | -5,136 |
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Capital contribution from non-controlling interests | 3,790 | 1,500 | 3,540 | - | 11,317 | 518 |
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Purchase of treasury shares | -21,521 | -15 | -13 | -586 | -342 | -50,021 |
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Dividends paid | -24,858 | -26,582 | -26,591 | -31,045 | -52,162 | -45,982 |
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Dividends paid to non-controlling interests | -2,423 | -3,529 | -4,291 | -3,821 | -12,950 | -16,904 |
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Other | 97 | 14 | 6 | 280 | 630 | 208 |
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Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities | 8,657 | -17,284 | 128,443 | -252,259 | -78,206 | -108,021 |
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Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents | -6,407 | -1,704 | -1,246 | 9,039 | 20,257 | 11,610 |
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Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents | -2,913 | -9,719 | 122,340 | -40,294 | 13,885 | -63,654 |
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