| Dec 31, 2019 | Dec 31, 2020 | Dec 31, 2021 | Dec 31, 2022 | Dec 31, 2023 |
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Profit (loss) before income taxes | 9 | 69 | 393 | 622 | 992 |
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Depreciation | 7 | 16 | 26 | 41 | 85 |
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Interest expenses | 6 | 8 | 8 | 0 | 1 |
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Share-based payment expenses | - | - | - | - | 13 |
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Loss (gain) on valuation of investment securities | - | - | - | - | 5 |
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Loss (gain) on investments in investment partnerships | - | - | - | - | 0 |
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Decrease (increase) in trade receivables | 51 | -56 | 6 | -21 | -56 |
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Decrease (increase) in inventories | - | - | 0 | -1 | 1 |
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Increase (decrease) in trade payables | 10 | 15 | 21 | -2 | -16 |
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Increase (decrease) in contract liabilities | - | - | - | 146 | 150 |
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Decrease (increase) in advance payments to suppliers | -13 | 11 | 1 | -10 | -7 |
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Decrease (increase) in prepaid expenses | 7 | -14 | -13 | -10 | -6 |
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Increase (decrease) in accounts payable - other | 3 | 15 | 53 | 79 | -34 |
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Increase (decrease) in accrued expenses | 0 | 9 | 2 | 9 | 7 |
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Increase (decrease) in deposits received | 2 | 9 | -4 | -4 | 5 |
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Other, net | -3 | 11 | 7 | 16 | 16 |
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Subtotal | 167 | 127 | 590 | 865 | 1,157 |
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Interest and dividends received | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | - |
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Interest paid | -6 | -9 | -8 | -0 | -1 |
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Income taxes paid | -4 | -17 | -21 | -200 | -240 |
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Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities | 158 | 103 | 561 | 664 | 917 |
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Purchase of property, plant and equipment | -3 | -89 | -2 | -21 | -94 |
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Purchase of intangible assets | -27 | -59 | -77 | -98 | -129 |
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Purchase of investment securities | - | - | - | -9 | -64 |
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Payments of leasehold and guarantee deposits | -105 | -40 | - | - | -75 |
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Other, net | -1 | -1 | -0 | 3 | - |
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Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities | -137 | -174 | -79 | -125 | -362 |
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Proceeds from short-term borrowings | - | 30 | - | - | 100 |
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Repayments of long-term borrowings | -225 | -239 | -489 | -112 | -171 |
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Purchase of treasury shares | - | - | -0 | -0 | - |
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Proceeds from exercise of employee share options | - | - | - | - | 45 |
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Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities | 264 | 259 | 904 | -112 | -26 |
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Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents | 285 | 187 | 1,386 | 426 | 529 |
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