| Dec 31, 2018 | Dec 31, 2019 | Dec 31, 2020 | Dec 31, 2021 | Dec 31, 2022 | Dec 31, 2023 |
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Loss before tax | 148,751 | -42,769 | -141,133 | 208,833 | 100,908 | 33,103 |
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Depreciation and amortization | 59,739 | 89,967 | 85,968 | 74,876 | 74,170 | 78,719 |
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Impairment losses (reversal of impairment losses) | 27 | 73,670 | 144,720 | 1,353 | 35,972 | 72,201 |
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Interest and dividend income | -6,032 | -6,045 | -4,569 | -3,151 | -4,935 | -9,187 |
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Interest expenses | 13,364 | 20,979 | 18,529 | 17,197 | 22,203 | 29,487 |
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Share of loss (profit) of investments accounted for using equity method | -2,699 | -517 | -1,680 | -2,448 | -3,418 | -3,654 |
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Impairment loss on investments accounted for using the equity method | - | - | 958 | - | 5,950 | - |
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Revaluation of contingent consideration and put option liability | 10,744 | 26,718 | -13,678 | 20,293 | 12,163 | 2,282 |
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Loss (gain) on sale and retirement of fixed assets | - | - | 218 | -118,960 | -16,826 | -100 |
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Revaluation gain (loss) on step acquisition | - | - | - | - | -5,467 | -142 |
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Loss (gain) on valuation of securities | - | - | - | -270 | -11,413 | 987 |
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Increase (decrease) in retirement benefit liability | 1,249 | -198 | -4,919 | 3,620 | 306 | -1,521 |
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Increase (decrease) in provision of restructuring cost | - | 15,833 | 55,818 | -28,409 | 4,448 | -4,337 |
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Other | - | - | 15,352 | 12,014 | 1,173 | -79 |
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Cash flows from operating activities before adjusting changes in working capital and others | 173,481 | 195,651 | 158,679 | 184,949 | 215,234 | 197,760 |
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Decrease (increase) in trade and other receivables | -13,409 | -57,844 | 135,807 | -129,293 | 17,533 | 70,241 |
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Decrease (increase) in inventories | -6,028 | 8,418 | -2,815 | -779 | 16,975 | -2,188 |
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Decrease (increase) in other current assets | -35,736 | 42,447 | -4,294 | 1,755 | 14,893 | -2,300 |
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Increase (decrease) in trade and other payables | 14,161 | 47,374 | -143,110 | 141,372 | -17,405 | -83,218 |
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Increase (decrease) in other current liabilities | 48,878 | -68,649 | -8,126 | 56,101 | -35,515 | -42,873 |
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Change in working capital | 7,865 | -28,254 | -22,540 | 69,155 | -3,518 | -60,340 |
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Subtotal | 181,347 | 167,396 | 136,138 | 254,104 | 211,716 | 137,419 |
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Interest received | 2,563 | 3,585 | 2,421 | 2,144 | 2,210 | 9,858 |
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Dividends received | 8,063 | 4,456 | 3,061 | 4,344 | 3,246 | 6,032 |
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Interest paid | -12,956 | -21,021 | -18,441 | -17,064 | -20,511 | -30,441 |
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Income taxes refund (paid) | - | - | - | - | -115,764 | -47,601 |
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Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities | 133,049 | 79,957 | 88,313 | 139,715 | 80,896 | 75,267 |
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Purchase of non-current assets | -31,631 | -32,244 | -21,474 | -21,036 | -18,526 | -28,892 |
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Proceeds from sales of non-current assets | 309 | 1,244 | 1,526 | 33,971 | 13,941 | 1,269 |
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Payments for acquisition of subsidiaries | -50,804 | -47,655 | -26,585 | -47,415 | -39,173 | -136,556 |
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Proceeds from sale of subsidiaries | 249 | - | - | - | -1,700 | 12 |
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Purchase of securities | -65,114 | -26,302 | -13,124 | -7,209 | -10,477 | -6,877 |
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Proceeds from sale of securities | 86,539 | 29,715 | 197,287 | 5,342 | 28,572 | 24,071 |
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Other | -931 | -809 | -616 | -4,368 | 3,017 | 677 |
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Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities | -61,382 | -76,051 | 137,013 | 262,226 | -24,346 | -146,297 |
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Net increase (decrease) in short-term borrowings | 25,893 | 1,086 | -9,174 | -3,334 | -5,832 | 12,884 |
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Proceeds from long-term borrowings | 38,818 | 96,088 | 1,364 | 2,998 | 610 | 221,000 |
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Repayments of long-term borrowings | -45,134 | -16,660 | -127,137 | -37,368 | -55,791 | -258,824 |
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Redemption of bonds | - | - | - | - | - | -35,000 |
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Repayments of lease obligations | -1,431 | -32,580 | -33,666 | -31,967 | -35,748 | -36,367 |
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Payments for acquisition of interests in subsidiaries from non-controlling interests | -21,505 | -5,418 | -10,892 | -107,000 | -12,025 | -13,144 |
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Purchase of treasury shares | -12 | -20,008 | -10,004 | -30,010 | -40,006 | -4 |
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Dividends paid | -25,370 | -26,075 | -26,508 | -20,888 | -37,035 | -43,229 |
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Dividends paid to non-controlling interests | -6,685 | -3,956 | -3,066 | -2,584 | -4,106 | -4,812 |
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Other | 1,624 | -277 | 2,833 | -2,031 | 1,744 | 3,815 |
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Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities | 57,522 | -7,803 | -96,622 | -232,189 | -188,192 | -153,681 |
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Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents | -18,281 | 1,490 | -12,067 | 23,095 | 13,932 | 11,117 |
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Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents | 110,907 | -2,407 | 116,637 | 192,849 | -117,710 | -213,593 |
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Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents reclassified to assets held for sale | - | - | - | - | -2,091 | 531 |
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