| Jul 31, 2020 | Jul 31, 2021 | Jul 31, 2022 | Jul 31, 2023 |
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Profit (loss) before income taxes | 7,023 | 2,290 | 8,755 | 14,377 |
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Depreciation | 440 | 480 | 510 | 729 |
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Amortization of goodwill | 107 | 189 | 392 | 501 |
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Share-based payment expenses | - | - | 50 | 87 |
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Penalty income | - | - | -98 | -779 |
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Share of loss (profit) of entities accounted for using equity method | -52 | -297 | -319 | -319 |
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Loss (gain) on sale of property, plant and equipment | - | -16 | - | -2 |
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Decrease (increase) in trade receivables | 186 | -1,245 | -1,045 | -795 |
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Increase (decrease) in provision for bonuses | 86 | 432 | 194 | -127 |
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Increase (decrease) in contract liabilities | - | - | 1,769 | 1,917 |
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Increase (decrease) in accounts payable - other | -480 | 1,834 | 700 | -105 |
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Increase (decrease) in accrued consumption taxes | 170 | -222 | 861 | -69 |
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Other, net | 138 | 315 | -108 | 40 |
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Subtotal | 2,733 | 5,310 | 11,659 | 15,453 |
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Interest and dividends received | - | - | - | - |
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Interest paid | -1 | -1 | -1 | - |
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Penalty income received | - | - | 92 | 761 |
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Income taxes paid | -2,966 | -992 | -2,049 | -5,189 |
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Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities | -234 | 4,315 | 9,608 | 11,024 |
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Purchase of shares of subsidiaries resulting in change in scope of consolidation | -2,363 | - | -2,875 | - |
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Purchase of property, plant and equipment | -447 | -116 | -325 | -584 |
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Proceeds from sale of property, plant and equipment | - | 23 | 18 | 5 |
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Purchase of investment securities | - | - | -10 | -236 |
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Payments of leasehold deposits | -108 | - | -99 | -185 |
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Payments of guarantee deposits | - | - | -655 | - |
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Proceeds from refund of leasehold and guarantee deposits | - | 97 | 3 | 128 |
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Other, net | 19 | -37 | -10 | 2 |
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Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities | 4,799 | -33 | -3,954 | -870 |
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Repayments of short-term borrowings | -2,000 | - | -11 | - |
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Proceeds from issuance of share acquisition rights | - | 1 | 2 | - |
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Proceeds from issuance of shares resulting from exercise of share acquisition rights | - | 651 | 325 | 260 |
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Repayments of long-term borrowings | -86 | -200 | -219 | -606 |
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Repayments of lease liabilities | -52 | -53 | -24 | - |
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Other, net | - | -1 | 5 | - |
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Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities | -19 | 12,234 | 77 | -346 |
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Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents | 4,544 | 16,515 | 5,731 | 9,808 |
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