| Dec 31, 2019 | Dec 31, 2020 | Dec 31, 2021 | Dec 31, 2022 | Dec 31, 2023 |
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Profit (loss) before income taxes | 151 | 243 | 492 | 731 | 806 |
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Depreciation | 107 | 146 | 183 | 282 | 325 |
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Amortization of goodwill | 34 | 35 | 34 | 34 | 34 |
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Loss (gain) on investments in investment partnerships | - | - | - | 2 | -1 |
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Foreign exchange losses (gains) | - | - | - | 26 | 8 |
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Increase (decrease) in provision for bonuses | 1 | 2 | 18 | -6 | 4 |
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Interest income | - | -0 | -0 | -0 | -3 |
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Subsidy income | -4 | - | -0 | -6 | -6 |
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Settlement income | - | - | - | - | -35 |
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Interest expenses | 9 | 9 | 9 | 8 | 6 |
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Loss on retirement of non-current assets | 21 | - | 1 | - | 1 |
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Decrease (increase) in trade receivables | 103 | 17 | -334 | 332 | -327 |
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Decrease (increase) in inventories | 24 | 30 | 2 | 2 | -10 |
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Decrease (increase) in other current assets | -12 | 10 | -21 | -16 | -27 |
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Increase (decrease) in trade payables | -96 | -83 | 105 | 43 | 117 |
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Increase (decrease) in accounts payable - other | 16 | -13 | 14 | -9 | 20 |
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Increase (decrease) in accrued expenses | -9 | 4 | -4 | -17 | 13 |
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Increase (decrease) in accrued consumption taxes | -12 | 86 | -9 | 5 | -29 |
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Increase (decrease) in other current liabilities | 28 | 66 | 9 | 73 | 32 |
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Other, net | 4 | 0 | -0 | 0 | - |
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Subtotal | 291 | 504 | 517 | 1,484 | 929 |
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Interest received | - | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
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Interest paid | -8 | -9 | -9 | -8 | -5 |
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Subsidies received | 4 | - | 0 | 6 | 6 |
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Settlement received | - | - | - | - | 2 |
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Income taxes paid | -148 | -32 | -99 | -245 | -266 |
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Income taxes refund | - | 23 | 0 | - | 0 |
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Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities | 140 | 486 | 410 | 1,238 | 668 |
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Purchase of property, plant and equipment | -44 | -48 | -76 | -3 | -12 |
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Purchase of intangible assets | -183 | -289 | -226 | -275 | -491 |
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Purchase of investment securities | - | - | - | -65 | -600 |
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Purchase of long-term prepaid expenses | - | - | - | -1 | - |
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Payments of leasehold deposits | -74 | -157 | -0 | -4 | - |
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Proceeds from refund of leasehold deposits | - | 0 | 9 | 9 | - |
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Other payments | - | - | - | -20 | - |
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Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities | -326 | -494 | -301 | -359 | -1,102 |
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Proceeds from long-term borrowings | 200 | 90 | - | - | 500 |
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Repayments of long-term borrowings | -314 | -171 | -192 | -187 | -576 |
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Repayments of lease liabilities | -23 | -14 | -23 | -23 | -22 |
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Purchase of treasury shares | - | - | -0 | -0 | -0 |
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Proceeds from issuance of shares resulting from exercise of share acquisition rights | - | - | 16 | 5 | 3 |
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Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities | -137 | 584 | 1,109 | -205 | -95 |
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Effect of exchange rate change on cash and cash equivalents | -5 | 3 | 29 | -14 | 3 |
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Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents | -328 | 579 | 1,247 | 659 | -526 |
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