| Apr 30, 2018 | Nov 30, 2018 | Nov 30, 2019 | Nov 30, 2020 | Nov 30, 2021 | Nov 30, 2022 | Nov 30, 2023 |
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Profit (loss) before income taxes | 116 | 86 | 2,926 | 2,497 | 3,535 | 5,419 | 3,921 |
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Depreciation | 5 | 2 | 22 | 61 | 77 | 48 | 59 |
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Share-based payment expenses | - | - | - | - | 170 | 220 | 211 |
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Increase (decrease) in allowance for doubtful accounts | - | - | 2 | 1 | -0 | -1 | 0 |
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Interest income | - | - | -1 | -2 | -5 | -3 | -1 |
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Interest expenses | - | - | 516 | 592 | 540 | 615 | 685 |
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Amortization of bond issuance costs | - | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
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Loss (gain) on sale of non-current assets | - | - | - | - | - | - | -2 |
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Loss (gain) on investments in silent partnerships | - | - | - | - | -42 | -210 | -273 |
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Loss on valuation of operational investment securities | - | - | 70 | - | - | - | 20 |
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Decrease (increase) in trade receivables | - | - | -6 | -26 | -168 | 173 | 30 |
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Decrease (increase) in consumption taxes refund receivable | - | - | -977 | 600 | -134 | -100 | -7 |
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Decrease (increase) in real estate for sale | - | - | -10,998 | 2,437 | -7,767 | -8,829 | -3,447 |
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Increase (decrease) in trade payables | - | - | 187 | -125 | 248 | 142 | -85 |
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Increase (decrease) in accrued consumption taxes | - | - | -123 | -6 | 61 | -30 | -18 |
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Other, net | 0 | 2 | -230 | 167 | -169 | -141 | -148 |
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Subtotal | -63 | 43 | -8,609 | 6,197 | -3,500 | -2,697 | 946 |
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Interest received | - | - | 1 | 2 | 5 | 3 | 1 |
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Interest paid | - | - | -509 | -586 | -540 | -612 | -685 |
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Income taxes paid | -3 | -15 | -1,153 | -1,001 | -1,224 | -1,458 | -2,295 |
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Income taxes refund | - | - | - | 154 | 342 | 169 | 272 |
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Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities | 21 | 81 | -10,270 | 4,766 | -4,915 | -4,593 | -1,761 |
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Purchase of property, plant and equipment | - | -6 | -13 | -3 | -4 | -35 | -2 |
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Proceeds from sale of property, plant and equipment | - | 2 | - | - | - | - | 2 |
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Purchase of intangible assets | - | - | -56 | -264 | -91 | -55 | -39 |
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Purchase of investment securities | - | - | - | -108 | -216 | -219 | -25 |
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Other, net | - | 0 | -0 | -3 | -1 | -1 | - |
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Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities | 48 | -5 | -69 | -378 | -312 | -310 | -63 |
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Net increase (decrease) in short-term borrowings | 3 | -289 | -259 | -965 | 266 | 201 | -848 |
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Proceeds from long-term borrowings | - | - | 28,152 | 24,908 | 22,853 | 32,286 | 39,965 |
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Repayments of long-term borrowings | - | - | -16,779 | -24,547 | -21,236 | -23,580 | -35,163 |
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Redemption of bonds | - | - | -20 | -120 | -40 | -60 | -140 |
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Purchase of treasury shares | - | - | -0 | - | -720 | -3,258 | -230 |
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Dividends paid | - | - | -552 | -583 | -531 | -688 | -669 |
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Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities | 3 | -289 | 10,542 | -1,313 | 934 | 4,901 | 2,914 |
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Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents | 73 | -212 | 203 | 3,075 | -4,293 | -2 | 1,090 |
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